AHL Laboratory Sections
Please click on any of the following for the laboratory sections descriptions and contacts:
Avian Virology
The experienced staff in this section provide a complete range of virological services for veterinarians dealing with food-producing chickens and turkeys as well as pet birds. Agents and tests include virus isolation, molecular testing and serology such as:
- Avian adenovirus, AGID, PCR, genotyping, isolation
- Avian encephalomyelitis virus, AGID, ELISA
- Influenza A virus, avian, AGID, ELISA, PCR, isolation, genotyping
- Avian paramyxovirus-3, HI
- Avian reovirus, AGID, ELISA, isolation, sequencing
- Avian virus isolation, in cell culture, SPF eggs
- Chicken anemia virus, ELISA
- Hemorrhagic enteritis virus, turkey, AGID
- Infectious bronchitis virus, isolation, PCR, genotyping, ELISA
- Infectious bursal disease virus, ELISA, PCR, genotyping, RFLP
- Newcastle disease virus, ELISA, genotyping, isolation
- West Nile virus, PCR
For details on individual tests, sampling requirements, usual days tested, turnaround times, and fees, please see the AHL Fee Schedule (login required).
Contact:
Virologist & Immunologist: Davor Ojkic, DVM MSc PhD, (519) 824-4120, ext. 54524, dojkic@uoguelph.ca
Technical staff: (519) 824-4120, ext. 54514
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Bacteriology
The Bacteriology laboratory of the AHL provides high quality, comprehensive diagnostic bacteriology service to practicing veterinarians, the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, researchers, and industry. There are three main sections of the laboratory with expertise in clinical, mastitis, and hatchery bacteriology.
Clinical bacteriology
Routine aerobic and anaerobic cultures for isolation and identification of bacterial and fungal pathogens from animals and feed.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (MIC and disk-diffusion) for pathogens of veterinary significance.
Culture-based detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (cause of Johne's disease).
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) based tests for slow growing, and difficult-to-culture bacterial organisms, e.g., Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Brachyspira spp., Lawsonia spp.
PCR typing of bacterial pathogens, e.g., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens.
Mouse inoculation test for botulinum toxin detection.
Detection of C. perfringens enterotoxin and C. difficile toxins.
Mastitis bacteriology
Isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of mastitis-causing pathogens.
Bedding and milk/colostrum bacterial counts.
Somatic cell counts.
In addition to clinical cases of mastitis, we do routine herd screenings and bulk-tank milk testing.
Hatchery bacteriology
Routine screening of environmental and poultry samples for Salmonella spp. according to the Ontario Hatchery and Supply Flock Policy and EU requirements.
For details on individual tests, sampling requirements, usual days tested, turnaround times, and fees, please see the AHL Fee Schedule.
Contact:
Bacteriologist: Durda Slavic, DVM, MSc, PhD (519) 824-4120, ext. 54536, dslavic@uoguelph.ca
Technical staff: (519) 824-4120 ext. 54516, 54528
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Central Services
Specimen Reception staff process all samples and carcasses that come in from the OVC Veterinary Teaching Hospital and external veterinary clinics in Ontario and elsewhere in Canada.
A unique case number is applied to each submission (routine or post mortem) and the samples are divided as needed by each lab area depending on the clinician's requests.
The duty pathologist processes animals submitted for post mortem examination and the samples are forwarded to the specimen room for delivery to the various labs.
Each case is entered into our Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) and routed to the various labs.
Interim and final reports are sent to the clinic and/or owner by fax, email or mail, according to the submitter's request.
As well, samples are forwarded to external labs elsewhere in Canada and the US on behalf of our clients.
These external laboratory reports are incorporated into the client's final report.
The specimen room is staffed by Animal Health Technicians under the supervision of a Medical Laboratory Technician.
Our Client Services Veterinarian rounds out the expertise required to offer top-of-the-line client service.
Our Data Entry staff members have strong computer skills and veterinary backgrounds.
For details on individual tests, sampling requirements, usual days tested, turnaround times, and fees, please see the AHL Fee Schedule.
Contacts:
Client Services Veterinarian: Jim Fairles, DVM, MBA, 519-824-4120, ext. 54611, jfairles@uoguelph.ca
Central Services Technical Supervisor: Kris Lesniewski 519-824-4120, ext. 54548, lesniews@uoguelph.ca
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Client Services
AHL Client Services has a veterinarian on staff specifically available to provide test advice to our veterinary clients.
As part of AHL Central Services, Client Services offers helpful and friendly advice to the veterinary practitioner in areas of sampling and diagnostic testing and interpretation.
This service is only for veterinarians.
Animal owners who have questions are advised to consult their veterinarian.
Contacts:
Email: ahlinfo@uoguelph.ca
Central Services Veterinarian: Jim Fairles, DVM, MBA 519-824-4120, ext. 54611, jfairles@uoguelph.ca
Central Services Technical Supervisor: Kris Lesniewski 519- 824-4120, ext. 54548, lesniews@uoguelph.ca
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Clinical Pathology
The Clinical Pathology laboratory is a client focused, service-driven laboratory, staffed by 8 Medical Laboratory Technologists (MLTs) and two Clinical Pathologists. A full spectrum of testing is provided, including:
- Hematology
- Biochemistry
- Cytology
- Urinalysis
- Coagulation
- Protein electrophoresis
- Pharmacology
- Endocrinology
- Blood banking
As most of the samples submitted to the laboratory are clinically urgent in nature, we endeavour to provide results within 24 hours of sample receipt for the majority of submissions.
Certain tests are ‘batched’ and thus processed weekly, biweekly, or monthly.
Turnaround times for each specific test can be found within the Fee Schedule, or by contacting the lab directly.
Being a section of the Animal Health Laboratory at the University of Guelph, the Clinical Pathology laboratory is AAVLD (American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians) accredited. The Clinical Pathology laboratory itself subscribes to numerous internal and external proficiency programs in our ongoing efforts to ensure accurate, timely results.
The lab is highly automated. Hematology samples are analyzed with Advia instrumentation, including the 120 and 2120 analyzers. Biochemistry analysis is performed by Cobas c501 and c311 instrumentation. These analyzers are directly interfaced with our laboratory information management system. Results can be either faxed or e-mailed directly to our clients.
We welcome research sample submissions. Consultation with the Laboratory Technical Supervisor is required in advance of research sample submission to allow test templates and procedural protocols to be created.
New method development is continuously taking place, and test validation is also ongoing. We are committed to continuous improvement, and remaining current with new developments in the field through continuous education and communication with other veterinary diagnostic labs around the world.
For details on individual tests, sampling requirements, days tested, turnaround times, and fees, please see the AHL Fee Schedule.
Contacts:
Clinical Pathologist: Kristiina Ruotsalo, DVM DVSc Dipl ACVP (519) 824-4120 ext. 54653, kruotsal@uoguelph.ca
Clinical Pathologist: Brent Hoff, DVM, DVSc, DipTox (519) 824-4120 ext. 54527, bhoff@uoguelph.ca
Technical supervisor: Helen Kocmarek, BSc MLT (519) 824-4120 ext. 54619, hkocmare@uoguelph.ca
Technical staff: (519) 824-4120, ext. 54676
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Histotechnology
The Histotechnology lab prepares slides for microscopic examination by AHL staff pathologists, Pathobiology faculty and graduate students, and both on- campus and off-campus researchers.
- Tissues from necropsies (postmortems) or surgical biopsies are fixed in formalin and then dehydrated through a series of alcohols, into xylene, and then into paraffin wax.
- These fixed tissues are then embedded into solidifying paraffin - this mass of wax and tissue being referred to as a 'block'.
- After wax embedding, slices (sections) are cut from the blocks at 4 to 5 micrometers in thickness, and placed on microscope slides.
- They are then deparaffinized and routinely stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), or, on request, with a secondary stain.
- Secondary stains are of two primary types - histochemical (special stains) and immunohistochemical (IHC).
- The special stains use different dyes and chemical reactions to differentiate various components in the section, such as bacteria, mast cell granules, amyloid, connective tissue, etc...
- They range from very simple, to a several day-long process, such as is used for myelin in nervous tissue.
- We currently have ~ 40 special stains in our repertoire.
Immunohistochemical (IHC) stains are used for infectious diseases, and tissue markers.
These stains use antibodies against formalin-resistant epitopes of the virus or tissue antigen in question, followed by a second antibody and a chromogen.
Tissue markers are commonly used for determining cell-of-origin for different types of cancers, so that the veterinarian can decide how to best treat the animal.
There are several advantages of immunohistochemistry for infectious diseases.
The pathologist can see the organism at the site of tissue damage, which is an important distinction when the organism is ubiquitous in the population - such as with Porcine circovirus 2.
The practitioner can submit samples in formalin, rather than trying to maintain them frozen (important in TGE in pigs).
Also, it allows work to proceed on a case even when Containment Level 3 infectious agents are suspected, such as West Nile virus or Rabies virus, because these are inactivated by formalin fixation (with the notable exception of prion diseases such as BSE or CWD).
Over 30 different IHC stains are available currently at the lab.
For details on individual tests, sampling requirements, usual days tested, turnaround times, and fees, please see the AHL Fee Schedule.
Contacts:
Pathologist, general supervisor: Murray Hazlett, DVM, DVSc, Diplomate ACVP, (519) 824-4120, ext. 54525, mhazlett@uoguelph.ca
Pathologist, supervisor of immunohistochemistry: Josepha DeLay, DVM, DVSc, Diplomate ACVP, (519) 824-4120, ext. 54576, jdelay@uoguelph.ca
Technical staff: (519) 824-4120, ext. 54612, histo@uoguelph.ca
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Immunology/Serology
The experienced staff in this lab provide a wide range of immunological testing, including:
- Aleutian disease virus, herd test, CIE
- Antinuclear antibody, indirect IF
- Bovine leukemia virus, ELISA
- Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, ELISA
- Brucella canis, antibody test, IFA
- Chronic wasting disease, ELISA
- Equine infectious anemia virus, AGID
- IgA, IgG, IgM, immunoglobulin quantitation
- Leptospira, MAT screens
- Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Johne's disease), bovine, ELISA
- Neospora caninum, ELISA
- Pasteurella multocida toxin, swine, ELISA
- Scrapie, ELISA
For details on individual tests, sampling requirements, days tested, turnaround times, and fees, please see the AHL Fee Schedule.
Contacts:
Virologist & Immunologist: Davor Ojkic, DVM MSc PhD: (519) 824-4120, ext. 54524, dojkic@uoguelph.ca
Technical staff: (519) 824-4120, ext. 54514
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Guelph Anatomic Pathology
Experienced veterinary pathologists who are specialists in the anatomic pathology of mammalian and avian species staff this section.
All of our pathologists are veterinarians with graduate training, and many are board-certified as diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists (ACVP).
We serve veterinarians, owners of livestock, poultry, and other animal species, and industry through provision of a range of services, including:
- Diagnostic gross pathology (postmortem examinations, or necropsies)
- Histopathology services (microscopic examination of stained tissue sections including immunohistochemistry)
- Recognition and notification of zoonotic and exotic animal diseases ('zoonotic diseases' are those diseases transmitted from animals to humans and include avian influenza, salmonellosis, tuberculosis, rabies, etc.)
- Medico-legal necropsies for litigation and insurance cases and for the police and humane societies
- As case coordinators, integrate ancillary laboratory tests with pathology findings to arrive at diagnoses
- Pathology diagnoses form the basis of animal health surveillance and disease trend information that is the cornerstone of the Ontario Animal Health Surveillance Network (OAHSN)
- Attend court as expert witnesses
For details on individual tests, sampling requirements, days tested, turnaround times, and fees, please see the AHL Fee Schedule.
Pathologists:
Marina Brash, DVM DVSc, Diplomate ACVP
Josepha DeLay, DVM DVSc Diplomate ACVP
Murray Hazlett, DVM DVSc Diplomate ACVP
Emily Martin, DVM MSc, Diplomate ACPV
Beverly McEwen DVM MSc PhD Diplomate ACVP
Maria Spinato, DVM DVSc MBA Diplomate ACVP
Margaret Stalker, BSc DVM PhD Diplomate ACVP
To contact any of our pathologists, please first contact our Specimen Reception at 519 824-4120 ext 54530 or email us at ahlinfo@uoguelph.ca
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Kemptville Anatomic Pathology
The Animal Health Laboratory in Kemptville (AHL-Kv) is located on the Kemptville campus of the University of Guelph, about 40 km southwest of Ottawa. The laboratory offers diagnostic pathology service for all species of animals, for submitters in eastern Ontario. Gross necropsies are performed on site. Tissues for histology are formalin-fixed and trimmed in Kemptville, and sent to Guelph for processing; histology slides are returned to AHL-Kv for reading. Samples for additional testing are sent to AHL-Guelph. Histology results are correlated with other test results and reported in LIMS.
Outreach contact with our client base is maintained through contributions to the AHL Newsletter, oral and written presentation of eastern Ontario disease summaries and information about submitting specimens to the laboratory, and through active participation in the Central Canada Veterinary Association and the Ottawa Academy of Veterinary Medicine.
For details on individual tests, sampling requirements, days tested, turnaround times, and fees, please see the AHL Fee Schedule.
Contacts:
Phone 613-258-8320
Fax 613-258-8324
Pathologists:
Jan Shapiro, DVM, Dip Anat Path, Dip Eq Surg, jshapiro@kemptvillec.uoguelph.ca
Brian Binnington, DVM, Dip Path, Diplomate ACVP, bbinning@kemptvillec.uoguelph.ca
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Mammalian Virology
The experienced technical staff in this section provide a complete range of virological services for food-producing and companion mammals, primarily swine, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, dogs and cats. Services include:
Antigen detection tests
- Virus isolation in cell culture or SPF eggs
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, including restriction length polymorphism (RFLP) genotyping, and gene sequence analysis
Antibody detection tests
- Virus neutralization (VN)
- Hemagglutination inhibition (HI)
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
For details on individual tests, sampling requirements, usual days tested, turnaround times, and fees, please see the AHL Fee Schedule.
Contacts:
Virologist & Immunologist: Davor Ojkic, DVM MSc PhD, (519) 824-4120, ext. 54524, dojkic@uoguelph.ca
Technical staff: (519) 824-4120, ext. 54514
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Molecular Biology
The experienced staff in this section develop new molecular biology assays and provide molecular testing for difficult-to-culture bacteria and parasites including:
- M. hyopneumoniae PCR
- M. bovis real-time PCR and AFLP molecular typing
- Mycoplasma iowae PCR and RAPD molecular typing
- Haemotrophic Mycoplasma PCR
- Coxiella burnetii PCR
- Chlamydophila psittaci, C. abortus and Chlamydophila spp. PCR and antigen ELISA
- Giardia genotyping
- Tritrichomonas foetus PCR
- Scrapie resistance prion protein (PrP) genotyping
- DNA extraction from tissue, blood and fecal samples
- 16S rRNA gene sequencing for bacteria identification
- New molecular diagnostic assay development
Veterinary Microbiologist: Hugh Cai, DVM, MSc, DVSc, (519) 824-4120 ext 54316, hcai@uoguelph.ca
Technical staff: (519) 824-4120, ext. 54086
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Mycoplasmology
The experienced staff in this section provide a broad range of services for Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma isolation, identification and serological testing including:
- Isolation of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma from animal samples
- Cell culture Mycoplasma contamination testing
- M. hyopneumoniae ELISA and PCR
- M. bovis passive hemagglutination (PHA) test on bovine serum samples
- Antimicrobial resistance testing (MIC) for selected Mycoplasma species
- Mycoplasma identification by serology and/or molecular biology
- Provide Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma culture media
- Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) ELISA and PCR
For details on individual tests, sampling requirements, days tested, turnaround times, and fees, please see the AHL Fee Schedule.
Contacts:
Veterinary Microbiologist: Hugh Cai, DVM, MSc, DVSc, 519-824-4120 ext. 54316, hcai@uoguelph.ca
Technicial staff: (519) 824-4120, ext. 54541
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Ontario Hatchery and Supply Flock Policy
The experienced staff in this lab process a large volume of samples annually in support of keeping Ontario free from Salmonella Pullorum/typhoid, and perform a range of tests, including:
- Bacterial count/quantitative, environmental culture
- Mycoplasma gallisepticum, HI, plate test
- Mycoplasma meleagridis, HI, plate test
- Mycoplasma synoviae, HI, plate test
- Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, tube test
- Salmonella Pullorum-typhoid, rapid, tube test
- Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, tube test
For details on individual tests, sampling requirements, days tested, turnaround times, and fees, please see the AHL Fee Schedule.
Contacts:
Virologist & Immunologist: Davor Ojkic, DVM MSc PhD: (519) 824-4120, ext. 54524, dojkic@uoguelph.ca
Technical staff: (519) 824-4120, ext. 54543
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Parasitology
The AHL Parasitology laboratory provides diagnostic testing on both food-producing and companion animals. Parasitological techniques used by the experienced technicians in this lab include:
- Routine fecal flotations to assess the type and frequency of parasite eggs
- Saline/sucrose wet mounts of feces are examined for apicomplexan parasites such as Giardia, Tritrichomonas as well as coccidia and cryptosporidia. Fecal samples can also be screened for Giardia using an ELISA
- Test canine and feline anticoagulated blood and serum for heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) antigen and/or microfilariae using ELISA technology or Knott's procedure
- Parasite identification, including ticks, lice, fleas, tapeworm segments, intact worms, mites
- Water Baermann procedure on fresh, uncontaminated feces to diagnose lungworm or Strongyloides
- Quantitative fecal examination that uses techniques specific for determining the number of parasite eggs per gram of feces
- Total worm counts (Postmortem diagnostic testing ONLY)
- Pepsin Baermann to identify larval stages of parasites (Postmortem diagnostic testing ONLY)
- Tritrichomonas foetus PCR
For details on individual tests, sampling requirements, days tested, turnaround times, and fees, please see the AHL Fee Schedule.
Contacts:
Veterinary Microbiologist: Hugh Cai, DVM, MSc, DVSc (519) 824-4120, ext. 54316, hcai@uoguelph.ca
Central Services Veterinarian: Jim Fairles DVM, MBA (519) 824-4120, ext. 54611, jfairles@uoguelph.ca
Technical staff: (519) 824-4120, ext. 54522
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Soil & Nutrient Laboratory
The Soil and Nutrient Laboratory is a multifaceted laboratory providing high-quality testing services for environmental and agricultural applications.
We serve a variety of professional sectors - farmers, researchers, industry, consulting firms and government. As part of Laboratory Services, the Soil and Nutrient Laboratory has access to several added-value services for our clients; heavy metal analyses provided by the Toxicology lab, pesticide screens performed by Trace Organics and Pesticides, microbiology services, as well as the Pest Diagnostic laboratory.
Services include analyses for:
- Soil
- Plant tissue
- Manures and waste
- Limestone
- Water
Your results can be mailed, faxed or emailed for your convenience.
Your samples are received Monday to Friday from 8 am to 5 pm to ensure timely delivery of results.
For a current list of services and fees information, see:
Sample Holding and Disposal
Samples are held for various lengths of time, depending on the stability and the amount of storage space required. All samples will be held for a minimum of three weeks after the results are reported. In the case of soil samples, only the dried sample is held. Please indicate on the submission form if excess wet soil is to be returned and / or held for further testing. If longer storage is necessary, a storage fee may be charged based on the type of sample being held. Samples which require special means of disposal will be returned after analysis at the client's expense. There will be a charge for returning samples and or sample containers.
Specialty Accreditation/Certification
Canadian Association of Laboratory Accreditations ltd. (CALA)
The laboratory is accredited by CALA to ISO/IEC 17025 for Environmental Metals Analysis. The laboratory is audited bi-annually and is required to participate in mandatory performance evaluation testing. Accreditation is granted based on the laboratory's performance. Accreditation scopes are published in the accreditation database on the CALA web site.
North American Proficiency Testing Program (NAPT)/OMAFRA certification
The laboratory participates in quarterly performance evaluation testing of soil, plant and water samples for a wide range of analyses. Results are submitted to NAPT for evaluation against other participating laboratories. Results are also evaluated by OMAFRA, which along with an annual site visit is the basis of the OMAFRA Agronomic Lab Accreditation Program.
Manure Analysis Proficiency (MAP) Program
The laboratory participates in performance evaluation testing of manure samples for a wide range of analyses. Results are submitted to MAP for evaluation against other participating laboratories.
Contact:
Technical supervisor: Nick Schrier, MSc, (519) 824-4120, ext. 57215, nschrier@uoguelph.ca
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Surveillance
The AHL diagnostic system provides valuable and timely information that enables Ontario to remain competitive in national and international trade. Through accessions from producers, veterinarians and industry groups, the AHL provides surveillance information on new and emerging diseases affecting the health of livestock and poultry from across the province. Many diseases are first recognized in Ontario through postmortem examinations carried out in our laboratories by trained pathologists. Having the laboratory infrastructure needed to detect pathogens, the AHL is able to provide an efficient early warning system for a wide range of diseases. Subsequently, the confidence in Ontario agriculture and trade is maintained internationally.
Within one year, the AHL typically sends over 200 samples to CFIA for reportable disease testing. Confirmatory testing in suspect cases of reportable/notifiable diseases - including avian influenza, Newcastle disease, infectious laryngotracheitis, rabies, tuberculosis, BSE, CWD, scrapie, eastern/western equine encephalitis, brucellosis, and bluetongue - is crucial to maintaining trade and for public health/food safety.
The AHL also plays an important role in public health by identifying pathogens common to animals and people. Individuals who submitted animals with zoonotic diseases are informed of the health hazard, and trends in the frequency of these pathogens (e.g., rabies, Salmonella sp., tuberculosis, etc) in the province are identified and communicated.
Because the AHL monitors trends in existing diseases, the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) is able to respond rapidly and efficiently to health threats to the livestock and poultry industries. As a partner with OMAFRA in the Ontario Animal Health Surveillance Network (OAHSN), the AHL contributes to maintaining healthy animals and safe food in Ontario. By providing information on disease trends, policy or decision makers have information readily available to perform risk assessments, to evaluate control strategies, to identify research needs, and facilitate planning.
Contact:
Beverly McEwen, DVM MSc PhD Diplomate ACVP: (519) 824-4120, ext. 54537, bmcewen@uoguelph.ca
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Toxicology
In the Toxicology section, we analyze animal tissues, food/water, and environmental samples to detect the presence of toxic compounds and determine whether poisons, excesses, or deficiencies are responsible for animal illness or death.
The highly trained technical staff in this lab section provide a wide range of toxicological testing, including:
- Anticoagulants
- Feed additives
- Metals
- Mycotoxins
- Miscellaneous, e.g. cholinesterase.
This lab is well equipped with analytical instrumentation, including HPLC, AAS, UV/vis, TLC, GC, GC-MS, simultaneous ICP-AES, ICP-MS, and spectrofluorophotometry. As well as testing animal tissues and feed, this group tests a large volume of soil samples for metals. Pesticide and herbicide analyses are referred to the Trace Organics and Pesticides section of Lab Services Division, also located at 95 Stone Road in Guelph.
For details on individual tests, sampling requirements, usual days tested, turnaround times, and fees, please see the AHL Fee Schedule.
Contacts:
Clinical toxicologist: Brent Hoff, DVM, DVSc, DipTox, (519) 824-4120, ext. 54527, bhoff@uoguelph.ca
Technical supervisor: Nick Schrier, MSc, (519) 824-4120, ext. 57215, nschrier@uoguelph.ca
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Uroliths
Since 1998, the Canadian Veterinary Urolith Centre, a collaborative effort between Medi-Cal/Royal Canin and the University of Guelph, Laboratory Services Division, has been providing quantitative analysis of canine and feline urinary calculi to veterinarians across Canada and around the world.
In addition to providing rapid, accurate results to our clients, submission information is gathered for further study to develop our knowledge of potential risk factors for the formation of uroliths and to aid in on-going research and provides veterinarians an optimized, balanced and safe pet diet.
Using polarizing light microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray microanalysis and x-ray diffraction, the Canadian Veterinary Urolith Centre has analyzed thousands of uroliths for the veterinary sector, supporting Medi-Cal/Royal Canin Veterinary Diet’s commitment to advances in pet food safety and urolith prevention.
Contacts:
Canadian Veterinary Urolith Centre: 519-823-1268 x 57454 and email is cvuc@uoguelph.ca
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